Provided are a glass plate hoisting system for large-span dome glass curtain wall construction and a construction method thereof. The construction method comprises the steps of vertically hoisting glass plates onto a dome, transporting the glass plates and performing construction on the dome face, wherein a winch with appropriate power is arranged as required, a homemade hoisting frame hoists the glass plates on the ground under the winch or on floor slabs onto a temporary glass plate stacking platform on the dome through double cables, and glass plate transportation on the dome is achieved by utilizing a glass plate transporting pulley and sliding rails arranged on large-span dome. The vertical glass plate hoisting is achieved through the homemade hoisting frame, the glass plate transportation on the dome is achieved through the glass plate transporting pulley, the glass plate hoisting system is simple in structure, convenient to operate, safe and efficient, labor and mechanical costs are saved, meanwhile the construction safety risk is reduced, and the glass plate hoisting system for the large-span dome glass curtain wall construction and the construction method are especially suitable for glass plate transportation in the large-span dome glass curtain wall construction.