The invention discloses a high-efficiency tobacco seedling cultivation method. The method includes the steps of accurately sowing seeds, applying fertilizer by stages, drawing in a sunshade net during the large-cross period of tobacco to receive sunlight illumination, opening a side film of a greenhouse during a seedling hardening period, spraying rare earth nutrient solution during the large-cross period to ensure nutrient required by tobacco seedlings, keeping timely ventilation to replenish the greenhouse with carbon dioxide so as to meet the requirement of photosynthesis when it is sunny, cutting leaves when the leaves of the tobacco seedlings overlap and are shaded, monitoring sanitary conditions constantly, cleaning and disinfecting the greenhouse and spraying insecticide every half a month, filling a floating disk with basic media, sowing the seeds in holes of the floating disk filled with the basic media, allowing the floating disk to float in a nutrition pool of the greenhouse, applying the fertilizer into water in the nutrition pool, carrying out management on the seedling cultivation process, hardening the seedlings before transplantation and finally directly transplanting the seedlings to a field after the seedlings are hardened. The high-efficiency tobacco seedling cultivation method has the advantages of improving the emergence uniformity of the seedlings, enhancing the root vitality of the tobacco seedlings, promoting the growth and development of the tobacco seedlings, improving the quality of the tobacco seedlings, being beneficial for cultivating the disease-free and strong tobacco seedlings and low in production cost, and improving the strong seedling rate.