A cold and hot double-acting packer comprises a plurality of liquid outlet holes formed in an inner central pipe sleeved with an outer central pipe, and a liquid inlet hole is formed in the outer central pipe sleeved with a piston, a steel bushing is connected with the upper end of the piston, the upper end of the steel bushing is connected with an upper joint, and a locking piece sleeve and a snap ring sleeve are clamped between the steel bushing and the outer central pipe; a plurality of rubber sleeves are nested on the outer central pipe and located at the lower end of the piston, and distance rings are arranged between every two rubber sleeves; an expansion cone is nested on the outer central pipe and located at the lower ends of the plurality of rubber sleeves, the lower end of the expansion cone is connected with a cylinder, and an accommodating cavity is formed among the cylinder body, the expansion cone and the outer central pipe and filled with an expansion fluid; and a sealing rubber sleeve is clamped between the plurality of rubber sleeves and the expansion cone. The cold and hot double-acting packer can perform pressure set by aid of the ground at the room temperature and achieve secondary sealing through hot expansion of the fluid at a high temperature for steam injection, the oil jacket annulus sealing reliability is high, and the oil reservoir production degree is increased.