The invention discloses a stratigraphic drilling sampling system. The stratigraphic drilling sampling system comprises a short suction section, a short sampling section and a control circuit, wherein the short suction section is used for performing pumping and cleaning operation on stratum liquid; the short sampling section is used for performing sampling and storing operation on the stratum liquid; the control circuit is arranged in the short suction section and the short sampling section and is used for controlling the pumping and cleaning operation of the short suction section and the sampling and storing operation of the short sampling section. The stratigraphic drilling sampling system can be applied to the technical field of stratigraphic exploration; by using the stratigraphic drilling sampling system, a stratum sample storage function in a logging-while-drilling process can be realized, the conventional logging instrument can be optimized effectively, and the universality and the accuracy of the conventional logging effect can be improved effectively; the functions of the modules are independent of each other, the well opening assembling of on-site operation is facilitated, and the preparation work efficiency of logging operation can be effectively improved.