The invention discloses a dispersed buried row-applying layered fertilization method for peanuts. The method comprises the following steps: 1/2 of a fertilizer is evenly applied to a fruiting layer, on a ridge, of 0-10 cm in thickness, by using a peanut sowing machine and in a buried manner; the remaining 1/2 of fertilizer is evenly divided into 3 parts for respectively applied to the center of the ridge and the soil layer, below two sowing rows, 10-15 cm away from the ridge surface, in a row-applying manner. According to the characteristic of the peanuts adsorbing the fertilizer, the method increases the contact range of peanut root systems/pods and the fertilizer through the layered fertilization mode, that is, the fertilizer is applied to different soil layers in dispersed and row-applying manners, so that the absorption and utilization of the fertilizer are improved, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is increased, the development of the peanut root systems and root nodules is promoted, the problems of low utilization rate of the fertilizer, rotten fruits and reduced yield of the peanuts, caused by high concentration of fertilizer in the conventional fertilization method, are avoided, the yield and quality of the peanuts are prominently improved, and the product cost is reduced to a certain degree.