The invention relates to a spot color and color separation process of an intaglio printing decoration board. The process comprises the following steps: firstly, scanning a piece of intaglio printing decoration paper to be copied, importing the scanned data into a computer for opening by using photoshop, adjusting an image to be accordant with the original manuscript, analyzing the original manuscript through an amplifier to make a color separation scheme, subsequently modifying and connecting according to a splicing mode of the original manuscript, extracting the spot color of the connected image according to the characteristics of the original manuscript, adjusting the layering contrast of the spot color so as to meet the characteristics of the original manuscript, finally combining the adjusted spot color channels into a complete image, printing a sample by using a printer, and finally visually inspecting the printed copy under a standard light source and adjusting the printed copy to be accordant with the original manuscript.