The invention discloses a reverse polarity prevention structure for a lead-acid storage battery. A small bump is arranged on the outer side of the cylinder bottom of a positive lead pole of the battery. A limiting strip is arranged on one side of the inner end face of a negative pole mounting hole of an upper cover of the battery. The reverse polarity prevention structure is used for an assembly part of the poles and the upper cover of the lead-acid storage battery, and if the upper cover of the battery is reversely arranged, the small bump is pressed against the limiting strip, and the upper cover cannot be matched with a cartridge body, so that the phenomenon of reverse polarity in an assembly process of the battery is completely eradicated, the scrap of the battery is reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the battery is lowered.