Provided are: an aqueous coloring composition for textile printing, being capable of forming a printed image which exhibits a high color optical density and excellent water resistance; a method and a kit for textile printing, using the same; and a fabric in which a printed image exhibiting both a high color optical density and excellent water resistance is formed. The aqueous coloring composition for textile printing comprises a coloring agent and water, wherein the molecule of the coloring agent contains both at least one chromophoric group and at least one dissociable group which is in a dissociated state, and the chromophoric group and a negative electric charge formed by the dissociation of the dissociable group form a conjugated system. Further, the number of dissociable groups in the molecule of the coloring agent is the same as that of chromophoric groups therein.