The invention discloses a well control protection device and method for an electric submersible pump. The electric submersible pump is arranged in an oil well. The well control protection device comprises a working fluid level monitoring device, an underground temperature monitoring device and an automatic watering device, wherein the working fluid level monitoring device is arranged at the wellhead of the oil well, and is used for monitoring and acquiring the working fluid level data of the oil well and transmitting to the automatic watering device; the underground temperature monitoring device is arranged on a pump head of the electric submersible pump, is used for monitoring and acquiring the temperature value of an electric submersible pump motor and transmitting to the automatic watering device; the automatic watering device is connected with the working fluid level monitoring device and the underground temperature monitoring device, and is used for generating a warning signal according to the working fluid level data or the temperature value of the motor and watering the loop space of the oil well according to the warning signal.