The invention discloses a tailing pond model test simulation system. The tailing pond model test simulation system comprises a water supply system, a terrain simulation system, a measuring system and a water and sand recovery system. The water supply system is communicated with the upstream of the terrain simulation system through a water conveying pipeline. The downstream of the terrain simulation system is communicated with the water and sand recovery system through a mortar channel. The water and sand recovery system is provided with a sand filter device and a water return port. The measuring system is used for measuring parameters of dam-break debris flow in the terrain simulation system. The terrain simulation system comprises a terrain simulation support. A rib mesh layer, a felt layer and a waterproof layer are installed at the top end of the terrain simulation support in sequence from bottom to top. The terrain simulation support comprises a plurality of adjustable supporting bases. The lower portions of every two adjacent adjustable supporting bases are connected through a cross beam. The rib mesh is installed at the top ends of the adjustable supporting bases. The tailing pond model test simulation system solves the problems that the terrain manufacturing process is complex and water and sand are difficult to recover during tests, the model test efficiency is improved, and the test system can be recycled.