The invention discloses a treating-while-drilling method for drilling cuttings of an oil base of a borehole. By using the treating-while-drilling method for the drilling cuttings of the oil base of the borehole, in a drilling process, oil base drilling fluid is recovered, and the drilling cuttings of the oil base are cleaned. The treating-while-drilling method for the drilling cuttings of the oil base of the borehole comprises the following steps of performing pretreatment by using base oil; and performing fluid exhaustion and drying on the drilling cuttings of the oil base. Overflowed fluid is the recycled oil base drilling fluid which is supplemented to a drilling crew and then is used in a drilling fluid circulating system. Comprehensive treatment agents are mixed with the drilling cuttings of the oil base after fluid exhaustion and drying are performed on the drilling cuttings; the mixture is stirred, deoiled and cleaned; and the deoiled and cleaned drilling cuttings are spin-dried and discharged outwards. Overflowed liquid containing the comprehensive treatment agents can be repeatedly used; and liquid which contains the comprehensive treatment agents and does not have cleaning ability is recycled to a waste liquid bin. By using the treating-while-drilling method, treating-while-drilling can be performed on the drilling cuttings, which are generated in the drilling process of the drilling crew, of the oil base can be performed, the oil base drilling fluid in the recycled drilling cuttings is recycled, and the cost is saved. The oil content of the cleaned drilling cuttings can meet the requirement of field emission and environmental protection; and the comprehensive treatment agents have high cleaning ability, are environment-friendly, do not have odor, and are harmless to human bodies and the environment.