The invention provides an alternating-current analog-digital conversion device real-time response detection method based on a physical layer sampled value. The alternating-current analog-digital conversion device real-time response detection method based on the physical layer sampled value comprises the steps that according to alternating-current quantity signals and physical layer alternating-current sampled value signals output by an analog-digital conversion device, sampled value information is obtained, digital-analog conversion is carried out on the sampled value signals to form the analog quantity in a reduction mode, analog-digital conversion delay time switch response detection of the analog-digital conversion device is used as the basis, measurement and calculation are carried out according to detection of real-time response characteristics among the alternating-current quantity signals, the sampled value signals and analog quantity signals, checking of physical consistency between the sampled value signals and information carried by the sampled value signals, and the integration between the transient-state quasi-synchronous characteristic of the sampled value signals and measurement information, and therefore the delay time of conversion from alternating-current signals to sampled value, the transient-state measurement accuracy and second-time-domain error distribution of the alternating-current analog-digital conversion device can be checked. The alternating-current analog-digital conversion device real-time response detection method based on the physical layer sampled value supplements and improves an alternating-current steady-state signal digitization sampling detection method at present, and the physical traceability degree of an alternating-current signal digitization sampling technology can be increased.