The invention discloses an oxygen-enriched ignition device with a cyclone barrel for a flame boiler. The oxygen-enriched ignition device comprises the cyclone barrel. The cyclone barrel is provided with an adjustable despinning draw bar, dynamic despinning pieces are arranged on the adjustable despinning draw bar, static despinning pieces are arranged on the cyclone barrel, a pure-oxygen combustion supporting ultrahigh-temperature micro-oil gun is nested in the adjustable despinning draw bar, an oil-oxygen premixing combustion chamber is arranged in the adjustable despinning draw bar and is connected with the pure-oxygen combustion supporting ultrahigh-temperature micro-oil gun, an exhaust air outlet is formed in an end of the adjustable despinning draw bar, a central combustion barrel is arranged at the inner bottom of the cyclone barrel, pulverized coal and oxygen spray nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the central combustion barrel, an air-film cooling air opening is formed in the bottom of the cyclone barrel and is butted to the central combustion barrel, and the central combustion barrel is provided with a combustor nozzle thermocouple. The oxygen-enriched ignition device has the advantages that oil consumption of the flame boiler in ignition or stable combustion procedures can be reduced, and the spinning intensity of pulverized coal airflow at an outlet of a combustor can be maximized.