The invention discloses a carrier-based aircraft take-off device which comprises a take-off platform, a rotor, a lifter, a controller and a motor. The lifter includes a plurality of sections and can rise upwards or tuck downwards, an end opening at the top of the lifter sleeves the lower end of the rotor in a gapped manner, a bracket is welded at the adaptation position of the upper portion of the lifter, the motor is placed in the bracket, a rotating shaft at one end of the motor is tightened by one end of a tension belt, the rotor is tightened by the other end of the tension belt, the upper end of the rotor is welded with the lower end of a retaining cap, an arm sleeve penetrates the adaptation position of the lower portion of the retaining cap and is fixedly welded, two arms can freely expand and contract in a cavity of the arm sleeve, hydraulic expansion pieces are arranged at the inner tail ends of the two symmetrical arms, adaptation sections at the back of the take-off platform are supported and welded by outer adaptation sections of the two symmetrical arms, two pulleys are parallelly mounted at the adaptation position in the cavity of the retaining cap, each pulley rolls one end of a digging line, the other end of each digging line is welded at the outer adaptation position end of the corresponding arm sleeve, and an automatic converter is mounted on the lower portion of the front surface of the retaining cap.