The invention provides a surface acoustic wave temperature sensor based on a special quartz material. The surface acoustic wave temperature sensor based on the special quartz material comprises an interdigital electrode, a plurality of reflecting grating bars and a substrate material, wherein the interdigital electrode is arranged on the substrate material in a weighted overlapping mode, the reflecting grating bars are arranged on the substrate material in a preset weighted phase lattice mode, and thus the Q value of a device is further improved. A surface acoustic wave device is adopted to convert the variable quantity of temperature into the variable quantity of device central frequencies, the variable quantity of the frequencies is output, and high sampling speed and accuracy are achieved.