The invention provides a method and a device for comparing and proofing a file. The method includes the steps: receiving a proofing document of the file to be processed; taking a reference document of the file to be processed from a document database and automatically comparing and proofing the content of the proofing document and the content of the reference document; displaying a comparing and proofing result of the proofing document and the reference document to a user. Therefore, file comparing and proofing efficiency is greatly improved, file comparing and proofing time and labor cost are effectively saved, and accuracy of the comparing and proofing result is improved.