The invention discloses a hollow plastic optical fiber and an optical cable, wherein the hollow plastic optical fiber is provided with a coating layer, a transition layer and a hollow core layer; the hollow core layer is hollow; the refractive index of the transition layer is more than that of the coating layer. Through adopting the above scheme, the hollow plastic optical fiber adopts a hollow design, so that the transmission attenuation of optical signals is greatly reduced, the limitation that the plastic optical fiber only can transmit visible light is broken through, the plastic optical fiber can transmit full-spectrum light and is completely compatible with an existing optical fiber system for use; the production cost is reduced so as to be easy to industrialize; the transmission distance is much longer, the transmission rate is much higher, and the deficiencies of an existing step type plastic optical fiber are overcome; therefore, the hollow plastic optical fiber can completely substitute the existing communication-level step type plastic optical fiber but also can substitute a copper network cable, the effect and purpose of saving copper resources, saving energy and protecting environment are achieved, and very high market application value is provided.