The invention discloses a system for monitoring and acquiring the power distribution station environment. The system for monitoring and acquiring the power distribution station environment comprises a sensor, a monitoring, measuring and control device and a communication module, wherein the sensor is arranged in a power distribution station and used for acquiring power distribution station environment information in real time and uploading the power distribution station environment information; the monitoring, measuring and control device is connected with the output end of the sensor through a circuit and receives the power distribution station environment information acquired by the sensor; the communication module is in bidirectional connection with the monitoring, measuring and control device through a circuit and outputs the acquired power distribution station environment information outwards in a communicating mode. The system is provided with a temperature and humidity collector, a water sensor and a point-type smoke sensor, so that the temperature, the humidity, the condition whether water flows into the power distribution station or not and the condition whether a fire disaster occurs or not are detected by the temperature and humidity collector, the water sensor and the point-type smoke sensor respectively, if abnormality occurs, an alarm is given in real time, corresponding information is uploaded outwards, the power distribution station environment is monitored in all directions, and therefore power grid safety and power supply reliability are guaranteed.