The invention relates to a method and equipment for manufacturing an optical fiber perform rod casing pipe with a complicated refractive index profile, and particularly relates to a method and equipment for manufacturing the optical fiber perform rod casing pipe by combination of modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) and outside vapor deposition (OVD). The optical fiber perform rod casing pipe manufactured by using the method and the equipment have a deep refractive index sunken zone or the complicated refractive index profile. The equipment comprises a powder casing pipe manufacturing device and a powder casting pipe vitrification device, wherein the powder casing pipe manufacturing device comprises a rotary chuck I, a rotary chuck II, a blow lamp, a sealing rotary joint I, a pressure adjusting valve I and a pressure gauge l, and the powder casting pipe vitrification device comprises a rotary chuck III, a sealing rotary joint II, a sealing cover plate, a fastening bolt, a sealing ring, a furnace body heating zone, a sealing furnace body, an exhaust gas discharge port, a pressure adjusting valve II and a pressure gauge II.