The invention discloses an intelligent decision-making method for controlling the pollutant discharge total amount of a coal-fired power plant. An initial distribution target of the discharge total amount is decomposed, the actual discharge amount is dynamically tracked, the capacity of the pollutant discharge total amount of a coal-fired unit is analyzed, a multi-target linear programming theory is applied, power generation enterprises and relative government sectors are guided to timely conduct and execute dynamic total amount control strategies such as internal regulation and regional balancing of the discharge total amount, and the target maximization of the power generation enterprises, regional environmental benefits and economic benefits is achieved.