The invention relates to a self-adaption microgrid overcurrent protection method. The self-adaption microgrid overcurrent protection method comprises the following steps that 1, a central protection unit is arranged in a microgrid structure in a matched mode, each breaker is provided with an in-situ protection unit in a matched mode, the in-situ protection units are in communication through optical fibers, and the in-situ protection units and the central protection unit are in communication through optical fibers; 2, each in-situ protection unit is provided with a self-adaption current protector in a matched mode; 3, the central protection unit collects system operating information uploaded by the in-situ protection units in real time, and determines the micro-grid operating mode, the fault types and the positions of fault points; 4, under the grid-connected operating mode, the in-situ protection units sample voltage of a bus and current of a feeder line in real time, then system impedance is determined according to a sampling value, and under the isolated island operating mode, the in-situ protection units calculate a quick-break setting value of self-adaption current according to the fault types; 5, the central protection unit compares an actually-measured current value with the setting value and determines fault isolation and power restoration. By the self-adaption microgrid overcurrent protection method, self-adaption overcurrent protection can be carried out on the microgrid conveniently.