The invention discloses a single-board self-restoration prestress eccentric supporting system for a fabricated multi-story and high-rise steel structure and belongs to the technical field of building construction. The single-board self-restoration prestress eccentric supporting system for the fabricated multi-story and high-rise steel structure comprises a steel structure body board frame, self-restoration prestress supporting members and a pillar system, wherein the steel structure body board frame comprises basic board frames and the pillar system. Wide beams, narrow beams and pillar bases are assembled to form the basic board frames in a factory, the basic board frames and floors are integrated, each wide beam is formed by welding I-shaped boards together in the factory, and each narrow beam is formed by welding I-shaped boards together in the factory. Pipelines pass through gaps between the web I-shaped boards of the wide beams and the narrow beams, and thus the basic board frame A, the basic board frame B and the basic board frame C are formed. High-strength bolts and certain welding are used for connection between boards of the basic board frames and the pillar bases and connection between the wide beams and the narrow beams. The pillar bases and pillars are connected through high-strength bolt flanges. The structure system has the advantages that the construction speed is high, the bearing capacity of the structure is high, the lateral displacement resistance is good, and no pollution is caused; the strength of materials can be brought into full play.