The invention relates to a taking and returning management method of a ground wire in a transformer substation, belonging to the technical field of electrical power system security. The method comprises the steps of setting permission, judging access permission, judging ground wire permission, judging ground wire specification, etc. The invention provides a transformer substation ground wire real-time monitoring and management method which is based on an independent 'five-prevention' system; after the method is used, the whole processes such as transformer substation ground wire registration, in-place state, authorization, using position, and returning can be monitored and managed by an intelligent access control system, internet of things, a network technique, computer management software, embedded data acquisition and the like.