The invention provides a TiC particle-reinforced nickel-based composite material. The TiC particle-reinforced nickel-based composite material comprises, by volume, 3-30% of TiC particles and the balance a mother alloy. The mother alloy is one of all nickel alloys. The preparation method comprises that a precast block green-blank Ni-Ti-C as a particle synthesis reactant, which comprises Ni powder, Ti powder and C powder and has Ni powder content of 5-50% by mass and a mole ratio of the Ti powder to the C powder of 1: 1, and the mother alloy are added into a vacuum induction furnace together and then are melted to form the TiC particle-reinforced nickel-based composite material. The preparation method effectively solves the problem that the traditional preparation method has a high cost, complex processes, various particle morphology, nonuniform distribution and poor density, has the characteristics of low cost and simple processes and can be used for manufacturing a nickel-based high-temperature alloy large-scale complex casting.