The invention relates to a configuration item-based aircraft test data interpretation method, aiming at solving the technical problems that in the prior art, when a rocket is tested, telemetering data is interpreted in a manual way, so that the phenomena of missed judgment and misjudgment exist, and interpretation results are low in reliability. According to the technical scheme, the configuration item-based aircraft test data interpretation method comprises the steps of acquiring at least one test data of an aircraft; detecting whether the interpretation operation is carried out on at least one test data by a user or not; when the interpretation operation is carried out, determining at least one test data as data to be interpreted according to the interpretation operation; acquiring a configuration item for representing the attribute of the data to be interpreted; according to the configuration item of the data to be interpreted, determining the interpretation method corresponding to the data to be interpreted; and interpreting the data to be interpreted according to the interpretation method to obtain an interpretation result.