The invention discloses a treatment process of mercury-containing production waste water from exploitation of natural gas field, Which comprises the following steps: 1)pretreating; 2)performing micro electrolysis treatment; 3)performing catalytic oxidation treatment; 4)performing flocculation and deposition; 5)performing anaerobic treatment; 6)performing aerobic treatment; and 7)performing secondary deposition. The treatment process of the present invention has the beneficial effect that 1) poisonous and harmful substances such as inorganic mercury and alkyl mercury in waste water of oil and gas field can be removed through physicochemical treatment, difficultly degraded organic matters in waste water can be simultaneously degraded, so that good condition can be created for following biochemical treatment; 2)a baffle plate anaerobic reactor is used for performing an anaerobic reaction and time-delay aeration activated sludge technology for treating waste water in the natural gas field, chemical oxygen demand can be removed, microscale mercury can be simultaneously removed, the processed effluent can reach primary standard of a GB8978-1996 sewage comprehensive discharge standard; 3)alkyl mercury can be converted to inorganic mercury by employing the catalytic oxidation technology, and 4)the process is simple and stable, the processed effluent can accord with the standard.