The invention relates to a high-acid-value fuel composite catalytic esterification/deacidification method which comprises the following steps: adding a composite catalyst into high-acid-value fuel, wherein the addition amount of the composite catalyst is 0.2-1.0 wt% of the fuel, and the composite catalyst is compounded from B acid and L acid in a weight ratio of 7:3-2:8; adding C1-C4 fatty alcohols into the mixture, wherein the fatty alcohols account for 30.0-120.0 wt% of the fuel; and adding the mixture into an esterification reaction kettle, and stirring to react at 80-160 DEG C for 1-4 hours. The composite catalyst has the advantages of simple preparation process, low production cost, high catalytic activity and moderate acidity, catalyzes the esterification reaction, and effectively avoids the defect that the traditional strong-acid catalyst can easily initiate polymerization reaction, corrode the equipment and the like in the esterification process.