The invention discloses a cloud storage system resource dynamic allocation method based on a DHT mechanism. The method includes the following steps that first, according to the conditions for a terminal user to have access to a cloud storage system, the user access request volume, the access request state, the access performance and server state data in the system are monitored in real time by the cloud storage system, and monitoring data are acquired; second, the data acquired in the first step in real time are analyzed, and whether resource supply reaches the target performance level or not in the running process of the system is judged; third, a resource allocation model is established, and resources are allocated according to the resource allocation model. According to the method, the service performance level and the resource usage conditions are analyzed through a queuing network, so that the service performance of a server is guaranteed, and resource usage cost is reduced.