The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a bimodal dual-feedback self-adaptation target tracking system and method and a control circuit. The bimodal dual-feedback self-adaptation target tracking system comprises a front-end collecting unit, a target recognition unit and an output unit. The control circuit comprises a front-end collecting unit control circuit body, a target recognition unit control circuit body and an output unit control circuit body, the requirement for the high accuracy of target detail feature analysis can be met, the bimodal target high-robust tracking scheme is provided, and videos with the visible light modal and the near-infrared modal can be collected and processed at the same time; self-adaptation adjustment on bimodal image collecting parameters is controlled through image quality self-evaluation, and target high-quality images are automatically obtained; according to bimodal target region segmentation and bimodal fusion recognition results, on the premise that the environmental conditions are changed, the high target tracking success rate and the high target tracking accuracy are achieved, and the target tracking robust is accordingly improved.