A road and passing condition information acquisition device comprises a visibility tester, a road surface condition telemetering tester and an illumination tester, wherein the visibility tester, the road surface condition telemetering tester and the illumination tester are connected with a processor. The road and passing condition information acquisition device has the advantages that real-time measurement on environment situations including an environment visibility value, road surface accumulated water, accumulated ices, accumulated snow and the like can be achieved, real-time synchronous modification on a speed limit sign indicator speed limit value and overspeed snap photography parameters can be achieved, accordingly the running speed can be strictly controlled in a safety controllable range according to the environment situations, and rapid transit accidents are greatly decreased. The problem that due to the fact that the environment changes and the speed limit sign indicator speed limit value is invariant, the original safe running speed is safe no longer, traffic accidents occur frequently and can be decreased only by taking a 'road closure' measure is solved.