The invention discloses motor train unit train-mounted information acquisition and transmission equipment which is mainly composed of a current loop interface module, a single-chip microcomputer module, a serial port conversion module, a wireless communication module and a host module which are connected with a backboard via European bus plug-in pieces. Bidirectional serial communication based on 20mA current is realized by the current loop interface module, and a current loop serial communication mode is converted into a TTL level serial communication mode. The single-chip microcomputer module receives motor train unit train-mounted monitoring data transmitted from the current loop interface module, and response information is transmitted to a train-mounted computer system via a current loop and the received data are verified simultaneously. The correct data after verification are transmitted to the host module via the serial port conversion module. A TTL level serial communication mode interface is converted into an RS-232 interface by the serial port conversion module. The received data are identified and processed by the host module and then packed and transmitted to a ground server via the wireless communication module.