The invention relates to a heavy metal-containing wastewater treatment method by virtue of ion exchange and cyclone electrolysis technologies. The process comprises the following steps: (1) adjusting the acidity of the acidic heavy metal-containing wastewater by virtue of white ash/zinc oxide till the pH value reaches 2.5-3.0; (2) carrying out ion exchange on the solution to remove Cl out of the solution; (3) continuously carrying out ion exchange on the solution with Cl removed to remove F out of the solution; (4) carrying out electrodeposition and impurity removal on the solution (subjected to ion exchange) in a cyclone electrolysis device, and reusing the solution with impurities removed in the industrial production. According to treatment method disclosed by the invention, by virtue of the ion exchange and cyclone electrolysis technologies, Cl, F, As, Cd and other heavy metals can be efficiently removed from wastewater to realize the purification treatment of wastewater; and the method has the advantages of broad technical application prospects, simple process, simple and feasible operation and high ion removal rate.