The invention provides a method for combination exploitation of multiple longitudinal small fault blocks by a multiple-target directional well. The method includes: through accurate geological research and structural interpretation, clearly determining geologic features and structural features of a research area; analyzing planar and longitudinal remaining oil distribution laws of a fault block area layer by layer and block by block, performing potential analysis and well pattern design layer by layer and block by block, and computing controlled reserves and increasing recoverable reserves; adopting a 'three-optimization' design method to design target locations; utilizing seismic section to carry out wellbore trajectory optimization, analyzing reasonability of target optimization scheme design, and performing trajectory optimization design; tracking drilling progress on site, grasping drilling dynamic conditions, and adjusting and controlling a smart well trajectory in time. By the aid of the method for combination exploitation of the multiple longitudinal small fault blocks by the multiple-target directional well, the problem of poor economic benefit of drilling in single longitudinal remaining oil enriched areas of the complicated small fault blocks is solved, and the purpose of benefit exploitation of the complicated small fault blocks by 'series' of the single longitudinal remaining oil enriched areas is achieved.