The invention relates to a front-end recognizing and wireless transmission system and method for forest fire prevention. The front-end recognizing and wireless transmission system comprises a plurality of image recognizing and transmitting unit groups and a center monitoring system, the image recognizing and transmitting unit groups are distributed at each monitoring region of the forest, and the center monitoring system controls each image recognizing and transmitting unit group and transmits data to the image recognizing and transmitting unit groups; a bidirectional radio frequency transmission module of each image recognizing and transmitting unit group comprises an RX receiving passage and a TX sending passage, only the RX receiving passage is opened to receive command information sent from the center monitoring system, the TX sending passage is located at a standby state in usual so that the TX sending passage does not take up frequency, the TX sending passage is opened when the data transmission between the image recognizing and transmitting unit groups and the center monitoring system is needed, and therefore, the frequencies of all the monitoring points are the same, the whole forest fire prevention system takes up the least amount of frequency points, the frequency resource is greatly saved, and the environment pollution due to a lot of energy consumption and frequencies is reduced.