An antifouling substrate includes a substrate having a surface and an antifouling layer provided on the surface of the substrate. The antifouling layer contains at least one of a first compound having an ester linkage in a portion other than terminal ends and a second compound having a cyclic hydrocarbon group. The advancing contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the antifouling layer is 15° or less, and the receding contact angle of oleic acid on the surface of the antifouling layer is 10° or less.