The invention provides a traction device of a wire rolling machine. The traction device comprises a supporting frame and a side support. The upper portion of the supporting frame and the upper portion of the side support are connected with a first traction wheel and a second traction wheel through a driving shaft and a driven shaft respectively, and positioning sleeves are arranged between the two traction wheels and the shafts respectively. The driving shaft and the driven shaft are connected through a chain wheel. A driving belt wheel is arranged on the driving shaft, and the driving belt wheel is connected with a driving motor on the lower portion of the supporting frame through a belt. The driven wheel is provided with a driven belt wheel, and the driven belt wheel is connected with a standby motor of the lower portion of the supporting frame through a belt. The traction device is compact and reasonable in layout, the motors and the chain wheel structure are arranged in the supporting frame, under the condition that use is not affected, space is greatly saved, and use is convenient. In addition, due to the fact that when the driving shaft does not rotate due to skidding of the belt wheels, the standby motor is started, work by the driven shaft changes into work by the driving shaft, a maintenance man maintains the driving belt wheel, and normal production is not affected.