The invention provides a cabinet safe-guard chain door lock system and a cabinet. A hand wheel mechanism, a key lock and a transmission mechanism are arranged on a door plate body of the safe-guard chain door lock system; a plurality of prying-resistant bolts are arranged on a sliding support of the transmission mechanism and the side, hinged to a cabinet door frame, of the frame of the door plate body, so that the periphery of the door plate body and the cabinet door frame are locked in a mortised mode through the prying-resistant bolts when the door plat body is closed, and the locking state of the door plate body and the cabinet door frame is released by controlling the prying-resistant bolts on the sliding support to move left and right with the hand wheel mechanism; meanwhile, the hand wheel mechanism is locked by the key lock; even though the key lock is damaged, a hand wheel can still be locked, the door plate body cannot be opened, and a cabinet door can be opened through the handle wheel mechanism only when the key lock is opened. By means of the cabinet safe-guard chain door lock system and the cabinet, the damage-resisting capacity is good, the safe-guard grade is greatly improved, devices inside the cabinet, storage batteries and the like can be well protected, and man-made damage and man-made stealing can be prevented.