The invention relates to an extraction and measurement method for a monoterpenoid component (alpha-pinene) from forest combustible materials. The method comprises the following steps of collecting a combustible material sample which grows healthily without harm of diseases and pests; wiping dust on the surface of the sample with degreased cotton; storing by a seal bag; and keeping in a refrigerating chamber of a refrigerator for use; cutting the combustible material sample into particles; putting the combustible material sample without cutting treatment in a constant temperature oven; drying to a constant weight; calculating moisture content; extracting alpha-pinene under a supercritical state; recovering alpha-pinene by using absolute ethyl alcohol as a recovery agent; measuring a concentration of alpha-pinene in the recovery agentby using gas chromatography; calculating the content of alpha-pinene; calculating a relative content of alpha-pinene in per unit mass of absolutely dried combustible material sample. The method can measure the content of alpha-pinene in different combustible materials accurately and quickly. Scientific data obtained by the method are important physical and chemical indicators for studying forest combustibility, tree species combustibility and fire resistance, are important basis for forest fire management, and can provide scientific data support for simulation of forest fire spread.