The invention discloses an electrostatic spinning device and method with a controllable fiber deposition path. The device mainly comprises a receiving platform, a differential array electrode unit, an array electrode supporting table, a high-voltage electrostatic generator, a capillary tube, a nozzle, a support, a feeding device, an on-off converter and a computer control system. The differential array electrode unit is arranged under the receiving platform by 5-10 mm, the receiving platform is arranged under the spinning nozzle by 70-110 mm, array electrodes are arranged on the insulating supporting table in an array mode, and the array electrode unit is installed on the array electrode supporting table. According to the device and the method, the differential array electrode form is adopted, a computer is used for presetting and encoding needed fiber deposition graphs, the on-off converter is controlled for changing the electrification condition of arrays, meanwhile the array supporting table is utilized for adjusting process parameters of the distance from the array electrodes to the capillary tube and the like, finally micronano-scale fiber deposition products with the controllable shape can be formed. Accordingly, the preparing efficiency is improved, the step of follow-up fiber shape clipping is reduced, and the fiber products can be applied fast.