The invention provides a tensioned anchorage device and a using method of the tensioned anchorage device. The tensioned anchorage device comprises a fixed end structure, a tensioned end structure and a fiber plate, wherein the fixed end structure is provided with a fixed end anchorage base, and a fixed end fixture is connected to the fixed end anchorage base; the tensioned end structure is provided with a tensioned end anchorage base, two tensioned rods are arranged on the tensioned end anchorage base in a penetrated mode, the ends, far away from the fixed end structure, of the two tensioned rods are connected with a locking nut and a rear counter-force plate, the locking nut abuts against the tensioned end anchorage base, and a plurality of jacks are arranged between the rear counter-force plate and the tensioned end anchorage base side by side; one end of the fiber plate is connected with a tensioned end fixture, the other end of the fiber plate is connected with the fixed end fixture, and the tensioned end fixture is connected with the ends, close to the fixed end structure, of the two tensioned rods. By means of the tensioned anchorage device and the using method of the tensioned anchorage device, reliable connection between the fiber plate and a structural object can be achieved, the tensioned uniformity of the fiber plate is guaranteed, the tensioned anchorage device is small in size, flexible in arrangement and rapid and convenient to construct.