The invention discloses a sinking leveling and reinforcing method for a caisson. The sinking leveling and reinforcing method for the caisson includes the following steps that (1) after the caisson is towed to a sinking point according to an air floatation method, the caisson sinks, a plurality of transverse apron boards and a plurality of longitudinal apron boards are arranged at a bottom board of the caisson and are intercrossed to form a plurality of cabins, and towing and sinking of the caisson are achieved by inflating and deflating the cabins; (2) the caisson is ballasted, the longitudinal apron boards and the transverse apron boards are inserted to mud on the seabed, and the cabins are filled with sea water; (3) the sea water in the cabins is pumped, so that the bottom board of the caisson sinks to the mud on the seabed, and the cabins are grouted for reinforcement. The apron boards are arranged at the bottom of the caisson to form the cabins, the sinking posture of the caisson is adjusted rapidly by adjusting the gas contents in the different cabins in the sinking process, and after the caisson sinks, grouting is carried out through a valve to reinforce a foundation. The controllability of the caisson is improved in the sinking process, and the sinking safety and stability of the foundation of the caisson are improved effectively.