The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition capable of tonifying and replenishing lung qi, nourishing yin and moistening lung, and relieving asthma and suppressing cough, and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is composed of radix asparagi, radix trichosanthis, cortex mori stir-baked with honey, fried semen armeniacae amarum, bulbus fritillariae thunbergii, radix platycodonis, radix peucedani, pericarpium citri reticulatae, fried semen ziziphi spinosae, rhizoma anemarrhenae, radix glycyrrhizae stir-baked with honey, radix rehmanniae, semen trichosanthis stir-baked with honey, fried fructus perillae, radix asteris, flos farfarae, fructus schisandrae chinensis stir-baked with vinegar, pericarpium citri reticulatae viride stir-baked with vinegar, radix astragali stir-baked with honey, radix scutellariae and herba lophatheri. The preparation method comprises: using a carbon-dioxide supercritical fluid extraction method to extract volatile oil from semen trichosanthis, fructus perillae, fructus schisandrae chinensis, semen ziziphi spinosae and semen armeniacae amarum, performing low-temperature freezing ultramicro crushing on radix trichosanthis, bulbus fritillariae thunbergii and rhizoma anemarrhenae, performing water extraction on compositions subjected to volatile-oil extraction and other compositions, and mixing the volatile oil, the ultramicro powder and the water extract, so as to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition. The active effects comprise that the traditional Chinese medicine composition is substantial in treatment effect, and is used to reinforce the healthy qi and eliminate the pathogenic factors and integrally treat diseases by employing multiple-target-point multiple-organ manner in accordance with the integral enforcement idea in a traditional Chinese medicine therapy process. The obtained medicine is stable in quality, controllable in effective compositions and small in taking dosage.