The invention discloses a hydraulic oil pumping device and a method. The hydraulic oil pumping device comprises a reciprocating type oil cylinder and an energy accumulator, wherein the reciprocating type oil cylinder comprises a lifting oil cylinder and a lifting plunger which is arranged in the lifting oil cylinder and stretches in a reciprocating form; the lower end of the lifting plunger is connected with an oil pumping polish rod; the oil pumping polish rod is connected with an underground bolt load; the lifting oil cylinder is connected with the energy accumulator through a hydraulic oil pipe; a bidirectional hydraulic motor or a bidirectional hydraulic pump are arranged on the hydraulic oil pipe; the energy accumulator comprises an energy accumulating oil cylinder and an energy accumulating air pocket; an energy accumulating plunger is arranged in the energy accumulating cylinder; the energy accumulating oil cylinder is divided into an upper energy accumulating oil cylinder chamber and a lower energy accumulating oil cylinder chamber by the energy accumulating plunger; the energy accumulating air pocket is connected with the upper energy accumulating oil cylinder chamber. According to the invention, the balance of an oil pumping device is realized by utilizing the bidirectional hydraulic motor; the hydraulic pipeline is simple; the hydraulic elements are few; the reliability of the oil pumping device is greatly increased; the structure is simple; the weight is light; the processing cost is low; the mounting and conveying are convenient.