The invention discloses a novel composite sensing optical cable comprising a carbon fiber filament, temperature-sensitive fibers, power supply wires, a sheath, and an insulating wrapping layer. The carbon fiber filament, the temperature-sensitive fibers, the power supply wires, and the sheath are wrapped in the insulating wrapping layer. The carbon fiber filament is wrapped in the sheath. More than one temperature-sensitive fiber and a pair of the power supply wires are provided. The carbon fiber filament and the surrounding power supply wires are in crossed connection so as to form a parallel circuit. Power is supplied simultaneously such that the optical cable is uniformly heated at long distance by means of a fact that the carbon fiber filament generates heat after being supplied with power. The temperature-sensitive fibers are wrapped in the carbon fiber filament or arranged in parallel with the carbon fiber filament. The carbon fiber filament is heated after being supplied with power so as to uniformly heat the optical cable. Temperature measurement at various points along the cable is achieved by means of distributed fiber temperature measurement technology. The optical cable can be uniformly heated for long distance (more than 2km) and long-distance leakage can be detected.