The invention discloses a proton transfer reaction mass spectrum ion transmission device. The device comprises a multi-section multi-electrode rod structure, a focusing electrode structure, a grid mesh electrode structure and a deflection electrode structure which are sequentially connected from left to right. The outer end of the multi-section multi-electrode rod structure is close to a conical hole allowing ions and carrier gas to enter, the outer end of the deflection electrode structure is close to a mass analyzer, the multi-section multi-electrode rod structure is connected with a voltage-adjustable radio-frequency power source, the focusing electrode structure, the grid mesh electrode structure and deflection electrode structure are all connected with voltage-adjustable direct-current voltage-stabilized power sources. The device can adjust the moving speed, the cross section size and the moving direction of ion beams, enables the ions to be focused on an inlet of the mass analyzer and improves the sensitivity and the resolution ratio of the mass analyzer.