The invention discloses a rotary rotor ground protection measurement and calibration method and a rotary rotor ground protection measurement and calibration device. The method includes: pre-testing a group of rotor ground measurement circuit temperature compensation coefficients by means of a rotor ground measurement circuit temperature compensation characteristic test, after actual measurement of a current internal environment temperature, adopting a segmented Lagrange polynomial interpolation method to obtain a temperature compensation coefficient corresponding to a rotor ground circuit measurement value at the environment temperature, and correcting the rotor ground circuit measurement value to realize high-precision rotary rotor ground protection.