The invention discloses a breeding method of a new variety of short-branch low-phenol cotton suitable for mechanical picking. The breeding method comprises the following steps: breeding a female parent-Huai 86 series and a male parent-Huai 203-5 series, and hybridizing by taking the Huai 86 series as the female parent and the Huai 203-5 series as the male parent to obtain the new variety of short-branch low-phenol cotton suitable for mechanical picking. The variety is early-maturing low-phenol cotton, the cotton is barrel-shaped and has short branches, and tomenta are formed on the stems of the cotton; the leaves are relatively large, the boll-setting property is relatively good, bolls are oval, the bolls are smoothly opened, and the agronomic trait is stable; the yield is relatively high and 57,000 bolls are produced in each mu (1 mu is 1/6 of acre); the bolls are intensively opened, the cotton is suitable for mechanical picking, and part of labor cost can be reduced.