The invention discloses a polishing device capable of polishing cylindrical workpieces in a staged and continuous mode. The polishing device comprises a staged polishing unit and a conveying device, wherein the staged polishing unit is composed of three groups of polishers with rough, medium and fine polishing effects respectively, and every group of polisher is composed of a base, a large arm, a motor and a roller. The polishing device is characterized in that the top of every base is movably connected with one end of the corresponding large arm through a lug, the other end of the large arm is provided with a support, and the support is provided with the corresponding roller; the large arm is also fixedly provided with the corresponding motor, and the output end of the motor is connected with the roller through a grinding wheel belt. The conveying device is arranged right under the large arms; one side of every base is fixedly provided with a sliding rail, the sliding rail is provided with a slider, which can move vertically along the sliding rail and is fixedly provided with a mounting plate, the bottom of the mounting plate is connected with one end of a lifting cylinder, and the other end of the lifting cylinder is directly fixed to the ground; the top of slider is connected with one end of a floating cylinder, and the other end of the floating cylinder is connected with the bottoms of the large arms. The polishing device capable of polishing the cylindrical workpieces in the staged and continuous mode can polish the cylindrical workpieces in one step and achieve continuous workpiece conveying, and meanwhile, can achieve staged polishing and good polishing effects.