The invention discloses a 10 Gigabit burst mode optical amplifier based on photo-electric optical regeneration. The 10 Gigabit burst mode optical amplifier is arranged among an OLT (Optical Line Terminal) and a plurality of ONUs (Optical Network Units), and comprises a first photoelectric bilateral switching unit, a 3R unit, a second photoelectric bilateral switching unit, an equipment monitoring unit and a passive light integrating and splitting unit. The 10 Gigabit burst mode optical amplifier can amplify actual burst mode optical signals with high quality, so that the long-haul communication between a 10 Gigabit OLT and a 10 Gigabit ONU is ensured, and meanwhile, 10 Gigabit continuous light network transmission and communication is achieved.