The invention relates to the field of the amorphous composite materials and provides an endogenous-phase titanium-based amorphous composite material with improved strength and plasticity and a preparation method thereof. The composite material is composed of the following elements in atomic proportions: Ti44.55Zr21.78Nb9.9Cu7.92Be14.85Ag1 (at%). The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing raw materials, preparing a master alloy ingot, and preparing the endogenous-phase titanium-based amorphous composite material by use of a spray-casting method based on a copper mold, and specifically comprises the following steps: 1) grinding one end of a quartz tube into a round hole of the appropriate size, cutting the prepared master alloy ingot into cubes and putting the cubes into the quartz tube; 2) fixing the quartz tube into an induction coil in a cavity; 3) vacuumizing the cavity and filling the cavity with a protective inert gas; and 4) melting the alloy cubes in the quartz tube by use of the induction coil and spraying the melt into the copper mold to obtain the endogenous-phase titanium-based amorphous composite material. The preparation method is simple, convenient to operate, and capable of obtaining the large-size bulk titanium-based amorphous composite material, and thus has an excellent application value.